Microscopy

 

 

Foreign Body Service

 

Confocal Raman Spectroscopy Microscope

 

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS)

 

Field Emission Gun Scanning Electron Microscopy (FEG-SEM) and Cryo Field Emission Gun Scanning Electron Microscopy (Cryo-FEG-SEM)

 

3D Imaging / Metrology

 

Non-contact Colour Measurement and Imaging

 

Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM)

 

Light Microscopy

 

Particle Characterisation

 


Foreign Body Service

 

The identification of foreign materials in a wide range of food, healthcare and industrial products as well as pharmaceutical raw materials, process intermediates and finished products. Ability to identify impurities (unknow materials, including foreign bodies) in/on a variety of products (tablets, suspensions, solutions, glass, metals, plastic, food). We have a team of scientists from various backgrounds to provide the best characterising service to analysis your material further, comprising of specialists in Chemistry, Biology, Metallurgy, Geology, Forensic Science, Botany and Food Science. Our foreign body service also includes investigatory analysis, comparative analysis & method development/validation/verification.

 

Equipment

 

  • Perkin Elmer Spotlight 400 Infrared Imaging Microscope and Spectrum 3 FT-IR spectrometer.
  • Thermo Fischer Scientific Nicolet iN10 MX Infrared Imaging Microscope and iZ10 FT-IR spectrometer.
  • WITec alpha 300 Confocal Microscope with Linkam Peltier PE120 Stage, 532nm, 785nm, 830nm laser wavelengths available.
  • JEOL JSM-6480-LV Low Vacuum Scanning Electron Microscope with Oxford Instruments X-Max 80 mm2 energy dispersive SDD X-ray detector,  and AZtecPharma software.
  • JEOL JSM-IT500 - Low Vacuum Scanning Electron Microscope with Oxford Instruments X-Max 150 mm2 energy dispersive SDD X-ray detector and AZtecPharma software; Deben Peltier Stage (-25°C - 160°C).
  • EDAX Orbis µXRF (micro X-ray fluorescence).
  • Zeiss Sigma Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope; Gatan Alto 2500 cryo stage and cryo transfer system
  • Leica Ace 600 – Carbon and Sputter Coater.
  • Zeiss Z2m and M2m Compound Light Microscopes with transmitted and reflected light, capable of a range of illumination techniques; polarised light, DIC, phase contrast.
  • Zeiss Axio Zoom V16 On Axis Zoom Microscope with motorised XY stage.
  • A wide variety of stereo light microscopes, for a range of applications
  • IMS Image Database; secure, searchable database complete with audit trail.
  • Skyscan 1172 – Desktop Micro-CT Scanner.
  • Werth Metrology - TomoScope XS PL 160. Micro-CT System.
  • PMS and HIAC Sub-visible Particle counters
  • Clemex and Zeiss Image analysis packages.

 

  • EDAX Orbis

    Life science capabilities and applications

    • Metal - Metal fragments, dusts and corrosion; Machinery wear debris, greases, and oils.
    • Glass - Glass or mineral fragments as foreign bodies, Defects in vials (e.g. needle strikes, voids, etc).
    • Image Analysis - Characterisation of materials (e.g., particulate contamination) by number, shape and size.
    • Tablet discolouration.
    • Subvisible particulates – Precipitates, Hazes.
    • Large volume samples for analysis; filter blockages; particles on filters and micro/nanoparticles.
    • Foreign matter analysis in the whole range of pharmaceutical matrices, including powders, tablets,
    • Methods and testing are performed under GMP requirements (where required) and subject to FDA and MHRA inspection.
    • Packaging materials, films, laminates and foil.
    • Creating a foreign material reference library - by analysing examples of the typical materials that might come into contact with your pharmaceutical/ food/ healthcare/ industrial product or raw materials during manufacture, we create a searchable reference library. In the event of foreign body complaints, this library can be used to assist with root cause investigations.
  • Technique Pages JEOL 6480LV

    Food & consumer goods capabilities & applications

    • Fibres and hairs; Bone; Insect fragments, Plant matter.
    • Metal - Metal fragments, dusts and corrosion; Machinery wear debris, greases, and oils.
    • Glass - Glass or mineral fragments as foreign bodies, Defects in vials (e.g. needle strikes, voids, etc).
    • Image Analysis - Characterisation of materials (e.g., particulate contamination) by number, shape and size.
    • Subvisible particulates – Precipitates, Hazes.
    • Large volume samples for analysis; filter blockages; particles on filters and micro/nanoparticles.
    • Packaging materials, films, laminates and foil.

Confocal Raman Microscopy

 

Confocal Raman Spectroscopy Microscope, often referred to as a confocal Raman microscope, is a analytical instrument that combines the principles of confocal microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. It is used for non-destructive, label-free chemical analysis and imaging of samples at a microscopic level. The technique offers the advantage of non-destructive analysis, allowing the study of samples in their native state without the need for extensive sample preparation. This technique can provide insights into molecular composition, phase identification, and even chemical changes within a sample over time.

 

Equipment

 

  • WITec alpha 300 Confocal Microscope with Linkam Peltier PE120 Stage.
    • 532nm, 785nm, 830nm laser wavelengths available.
  • Confocal Raman

    Life science capabilities and applications

    • Microstructure characterisation by surface-topology-guided Raman imaging – TrueSurface.
    • Ability to analyse microscopic particles (e.g., impurities, microplastics).
    • Differentiation of different carbon materials (e.g., graphite, carbon black).
    • Classify, analyse, quantify, and identify particles across filters and other substrates – ParticleScout.
    • Identification of unknown materials/impurities (many materials have its unique Raman spectrum).
    • Detection of analytes (e.g., API, proteins) within liquid media (e.g., solutions, slurries).
    • Scanning of centimetre-sized areas to locate particles (e.g., impurities, microplastics).
    • Investigation of material changes with increasing temperature (-25°C to 120 °C).
    • Demonstration of the distribution of components in solid, liquid and gel samples (e.g., emulsions).
    • Quality control and competitor comparison
    • Structural analysis
  • Confocal Raman 2

    Food & consumer goods capabilities and applications

    • Chemical composition analysis of food matrices, including lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and water
    • Quality control and competitor comparison
    • Structural analysis
    • Ability to analyse microscopic particles (e.g., impurities, microplastics).
    • Demonstration of the distribution of components in solid, liquid and gel samples (e.g., emulsions).

Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS)

 

Two powerful techniques commonly for imaging and elemental analysis of samples at a microscopic or even nanoscopic scale. SEM is a microscopy technique that uses a focused beam of electrons to scan the surface of a sample, generating high-resolution images that reveal the sample's topography and morphology. SEM images provide detailed information about the surface structure, texture, and morphology of the sample, with magnification ranging from around 10x to over 100,000x.

 

SEM can reveal features at nanometer scales and is especially useful for examining the microstructure of materials, studying biological samples, and analysing particle morphology. EDS is an analytical technique that is often integrated with SEM to provide elemental composition information about the sample's surface. It works by detecting X-rays emitted when electrons from the SEM beam interact with the sample's atoms. EDS provides qualitative and quantitative elemental analysis of the sample, allowing researchers to determine the presence and relative abundance of different elements. This information can be superimposed onto SEM images to create elemental maps, which show the spatial distribution of elements within the sample.

 

Combining SEM and EDS allows researchers to gain comprehensive information about a sample's morphology, structure, and elemental composition, making these techniques invaluable tools in various scientific and industrial applications, such as materials characterisation, failure analysis, and quality control.

 

Equipment

 

  • JEOL JSM-6480-LV Low Vacuum Scanning Electron Microscope with Oxford Instruments X-Max 80 mm2 energy dispersive SDD X-ray detector and AZtecPharma software.
  • JEOL JSM-IT500 - Low Vacuum Scanning Electron Microscope with Oxford Instruments X-Max 150 mm2 energy dispersive SDD X-ray detector, Oxford Instruments Unity BEX (backscattered electron and X-ray imaging) detector  and AZtecPharma software; Deben Peltier Stage (-25°C - 160°C).
  • JSM IT500

    Life science capabilities and applications

    • Identification of the elemental compositional of unknown materials using EDS (e.g., particulates, metals, glass, ceramics, tooth/bone).
    • Simultaneous imaging and elemental compositional analysis of materials.
    • Imaging capability of nano-size particles (down to one millionth of a millimetre).
    • Imaging of solutions and slurries at low temperature (Cryo & Peltier stage).
  • JSM IT500 (1)

    Food & consumer goods capabilities and applications

    • Identification of the elemental compositional of unknown materials using EDS (e.g., particulates, metals, glass, ceramics, tooth/bone).
    • Simultaneous imaging and elemental compositional analysis of materials.

3D Imaging / Metrology

 

 

3D imaging and metrology refer to techniques and methods used to capture and analyse three-dimensional (3D) information about objects or surfaces. These techniques provide insights into the shape, structure, and dimensions of products with high precision. These advanced measurement and imaging technologies, including micro-CT and 3D metrology scanning tools provide unparalleled accuracy and detail compared to traditional methods, not only enhancing and troubleshooting quality control and assurance in manufacturing but also accelerating R&D and innovation

 

Equipment

 

  • Werth Metrology - TomoScope XS PL 160. Micro-CT System.
  • Kreon Technologies - 3D Metrology Scan head and Arm – Onyx 7-Axis Arm, Skyline Eyes Laser head 
  • Skyscan 1172 – Benchtop Micro-CT System
  • Artec Space Spider 3D scanner can be combined with Photogrammetry.
  • Einscan HD Pro 3D Scanner with motorised turntable.
  • Advanced 3D Image Analysis Software - Avizio 3D and VG Studio Max
  • Rhopoint Novo-Curve 4 Gloss Meter
  • Access to advanced Micro-CT solutions
  • Zeiss Metrotom 800 and 1500
  • Avizo 3D and VG Studio Max (Advanced 3D Image Analysis Software): 
  • Formart Vacuum Former 
  • Formlabs Form 3BL – SLA (stereolithography) - 3D Printer
  • Formlabs Form 4L – MSLA (masked stereolithography) - 3D Printer
  • Formlabs Wash and Cure - Post-processing for resin 3D-printed parts.

Field Emission Gun Scanning Electron Microscopy (FEG-SEM) and Cryo Field Emission Gun Scanning Electron Microscopy (Cryo-FEG-SEM)

 

Understanding the intricate microstructure of food is crucial for optimizing quality, texture, stability, and even nutritional value. Field Emission Gun Scanning Electron Microscopy (FEG-SEM) and Cryo-FEG-SEM are powerful tools that provide unparalleled insights into the microscopic world of food, offering significant advantages over conventional methods. Uses include visualising fine details, improving image quality with enhanced contrast and minimising beam damage which preserves the integrity of your sample.

 

Equipment

 

  • Zeiss Sigma Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope; Gatan Alto 2500 cryo stage and cryo transfer system.
  • Leica Ace 600 – Carbon and Sputter Coater.
  • SEM2 RD 4432 HR

    Life science capabilities and applications

    • Identification of the elemental compositional of unknown materials using EDS (e.g., particulates, metals, glass, ceramics, tooth/bone).
    • Simultaneous imaging and elemental compositional analysis of materials.
    • Imaging capability of nano-size particles (down to one millionth of a millimetre).
    • Imaging of solutions and slurries at low temperature (Cryo & Peltier stage).
  • JSM IT500 (1)

    Food & consumer goods capabilities and applications

    • Analysing and characterising the microstructure of edible films and coatings, such as those made from amylomaize starch, to understand how their composition 
    • Optimising ice crystal size and distribution to enhance texture and prevent freezer burn of products eg. ice cream
    • Study the impact of freezing on gluten and yeast cells to maintain dough quality after thawing eg. frozen dough
    • Visualize the three-dimensional network structure of hydrocolloid gels and their interaction with water.
    • Assess the stability of emulsions by analysing droplet size distribution and identifying aggregation or coalescence
    • Fruits and vegetables: examine the impact of freezing on cell wall integrity and tissue structure to optimize texture and prevent damage

Non-contact Colour Measurement and Imaging

 

This technique assesses colour without physically touching the object being measured. These methods are valuable for maintaining colour consistency, analysing surface properties, and ensuring product quality in a wide range of industries, particularly in manufacturing and quality control. Non-contact colour measurement and imaging methods are important, enabling precise colour matching, material identification, and the detection of defects contributing to better product design and manufacturing processes.

 

Equipment

 

  • DigiEye Imaging System - 700mm cube
  • D65 illuminant and additional LEDs to produce a calibrated D65 source against ISO 23603:2005.
  • Nikon Z6II Mirrorless Digital Camera.
  • Nikon Nikkor Z VR Magnification Lens.
  • Rhopoint Novo-Curve 4 Gloss Meter
  • HU7A0902

    Life science capabilities and applications

    • Regulatory Compliance and Quality Control & Inspection
    • Non-Destructive Testing (NDT)
    • Dimensional Metrology
    • Porosity and Structural Analysis
    • Material Characterisation
    • High-Precision Surface Scanning
    • Reverse Engineering
    • Alignment and Calibration
    • Rapid Prototyping
    • Patient-Specific Models
    • Surface Finish Quality Control
    • Comparative Gloss Analysis
    • Ensure surface finishes comply with industry standards and regulations
    • Low Volume Production: testing and validation purposes.
    • STL / CAD file generation. Nominal (CAD)/ Actual Comparison.
  • HU7A0881 (1)

    Food and consumer goods capabilities and applications

    • Refine the shape, texture, and internal structure of food products to enhance consumer appeal and functionality.
    • Identify and correct inefficiencies in production line by analysing the 3D geometry of packaging, ingredients, and finished goods.
    • Detect subtle defects and variations in food products that are invisible to the naked eye, ensuring consistent quality and standard compliance
    • Precisely map the distribution of ingredients within complex food matrices, optimizing formulations for taste, texture, and nutritional value.
    • Visualize and quantify the intricate structures of food at the microscopic level, understanding how processing affects cell structure, fat distribution, and other critical parameters.
    • Insights into the design and manufacturing techniques of competitor products by creating accurate 3D models.
  • Digieye Imaging System

    Life science capabilities and applications

    • Offers versatile, non-contact colorimetric measurement of samples, accommodating ultra-small areas, a wide range of sizes, and complex surfaces (irregular, curved).
    • Colorimetric data from samples with an ultra-small area, irregular or curved surfaces.
    • Detecting Counterfeit and Substandard Medications
    • Colour Space (CIELAB LCH, XYZ)
    • Colour Difference (CIELAB, CIEDE2000)
    • Four lighting options: D65, D65-UV, D65+ and U.V only.
    • Calibration charts and uniformity board ensuring accurate and consistent colour measurements
    • Angled and diffused lighting.
    • Stability and Shelf-Life Studies
    • Measure product colour non-invasively.
    • Generation of high-quality repeatable images which are suitable for image analysis.
  • HU7A0994

    Food and consumer goods capabilities and applications

    • Offers versatile, non-contact colorimetric measurement of samples, accommodating ultra-small areas, a wide range of sizes, and complex surfaces (irregular, curved).
    • Colour Space (CIELAB CH, XYZ)
    • Colour Difference (CIELAB, CIEDE2000)
    • Four lighting options:  D65, D65-UV, D65+ and U.V only.
    • Calibration charts and uniformity board ensures accurate and consistent colour measurements by providing a standardized reference for the system to correct for any variations in its lighting and sensor response.
    • Angled and diffused lighting.
    • Stability and Shelf-Life Studies
    • Measure product colour non-invasively.
    • Generation of high-quality repeatable images which are suitable for image analysis.

Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM)

 

The CLSM is a technique which builds on standard wide field optics found in standard fluorescent microscopes where the whole field of view is illuminated and can be visualised. The confocal microscope incorporates the use of a pin hole aperture to block out, out of focus light, specific points of the material can then be imaged across a defined focal plane. This confocal aspect allows for improved resolution and imaging at a specific section of a material. This also eliminates the need to cut thin sections of materials.

 

Equipment

 

  • Upright Materials Zeiss LSM 700
  • A full range of high numerical aperture lenses: 5x (air), 10x (air), 20x (air), 40x (oil), 63x (oil)
  • Automated X,Y,Z stage
  • Reflected mode
  • Four excitation lines - 405, 488, 555, 639nm
  • Two photomultiplier tubes (PMTs)
  • Zen Software
  • Confomap - Advanced Profilometry software 
  • Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy Upright Zeiss LSM 700

    Life science capabilities and applications

    • Experience with investigatory analysis, comparative analysis & method development/validation/verification.
    • Imaging can be performed using the natural auto-fluorescence of certain materials or specific components can be localised using fluorophores (fluorescent stains).
    • Profilometry (Pharmaceutical Coating Analysis) - Using surface topography software roughness parameters can then be extracted. The most typical is the RA value although other values can be provided.
    • Drug Delivery and Formulation Studies
    • Product development and optimisation
  • Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy Upright Zeiss LSM 700

    Food & consumer goods capabilities & applications

    • Ingredient distribution analysis to visualise and quantify key ingredients within products, including dairy, baked goods, processed meats and emulsions
    • Microstructure characterisation of food matrices, packaging materials and consumer product surfaces
    • Quality control  to identify structural inconsistencies that impact product quality and performance
    • Packaging development analysing the barrier properties and ensuring product protection.

Light Microscopy 

 

Light Microscopy is a widely-used imaging technique that employs visible light and lenses to magnify samples, offering detailed examination of their structure and morphology with magnifications from 10x to 1,000x. It's essential for studying biological tissues, cells, and materials, providing clear, high-resolution, full-color images. Various modes, such as brightfield, phase contrast, and fluorescence, enhance visualisation and enable selective imaging of specific sample components. This versatile tool is indispensable in applications like materials science, foreign body investigations and biological research, allowing for comprehensive insights into sample structure and behavior.

 

Equipment

 

  • Zeiss Z2m and M2m Compound Light Microscopes with transmitted and reflected light, capable of a range of illumination techniques; polarised light, DIC, phase contrast.
  • Zeiss Axio Zoom V16 On Axis Zoom Microscope with motorised XY stage
  • A variety of stereo light microscopes.
  • P1010811 Edited

    Life Science capabilities and applications

    • Particle size - Measuring and analysing the size and distribution of particles in suspensions or emulsions.
    • Crystalline structure of components
  • P1010833 Edited

    Food & consumer goods capabilities & applications

    • Microstructure of food materials
    • Particle size - Measuring and analyzing the size and distribution of particles in suspensions or emulsions.
    • Crystalline structure of components
    • Visualizing specific components in food samples with specific dye labelling

Particle characterisation

 

Particle characterisation provides detailed information not only on size distribution but also on particle shape, aspect ratio, and surface texture. These properties can significantly influence solubility, dispersibility, flowability, and sensory perception. Techniques such as dynamic image analysis or microscopy-based methods help identify variability in raw materials or finished goods, enabling better control of manufacturing processes and improving product performance and stability.

 

Equipment

 

  • Malvern Morphologi G3, Image analysis Clemex
  • Morphologi G3

    Food & consumer goods capabilities & applications

    • Assessment of particle size distribution and particle shape distribution
    • The technique is often used in conjunction with other techniques e.g.  laser diffraction particle sizing (see physical characterisation) or microscopes (SEMs, CLSM, OM)
    • Assessment of the presence of nano-materials in novel ingredients